The Audit Leader's Guide to AI for SOX Testing
A short, opinionated field guide for Internal Audit leaders on making AI agents work inside a SOX program.
- Agents
- Audit Trail
- ROI
- 90-Day Pilot
- Build · Buy · Configure
- Evidence
- External Audit

What's in the book?
Get a clear overview of AI Agents. Understand where they are useful, how to apply them, and the limitations.
1. The Manual Machine
- The Director's Chair
- The Numbers
- The Budget Squeeze
- The Team Tax
- This Is Accelerating
2. Why SOX Automation Failed
- Why SOX Evidence Is Uniquely Hard
- What RPA Got Right, and Where It Broke
- Prompts
- Why Prompt Libraries Stall
- Key Takeaways
3. What AI Agents Actually Are
- The Comparison: Prompts vs. Agents
- So What Is an Agent?
- What Changed in 2025
- Why a Bigger Prompt Is Not the Answer
- The Six Components of an Agent
- Key Takeaways
4. Where AI Agents for SOX Testing Work Now
- Evidence Intake and Pre-Testing Validation
- C&A Testing
- Transactional Controls and Population-Level Testing
- Complex Spreadsheets
- Screenshot- and Log-Heavy ITGC
- UAR and Access Provisioning
- Where to Be Careful
- Use Cases Map
- Key Takeaways
5. The Audit Trail That Makes It Defensible
- Why Prompts Are Not Workpapers
- The Five Layers of a Defensible AI Agents Audit Trail
- Walkthrough: The Five Layers in Action
- Why AI Agents for SOX Can Enhance Manual Testing
- External Audit Readiness
- The Regulatory Guidance
- Key Takeaways
6. Build, Buy, or Configure
- The Three Paths
- Path 1: Configure
- Path 2: Build
- Path 3: Buy
- How to Evaluate
- Beyond the Pilot
- Common Mistakes
- Key Takeaways
7. The Internal Case
- The Foundation
- Establishing the Baseline
- The ROI Calculation
- The 90-Day Pilot
- Pick the Right Pilot
- The Pilot Scorecard
- The CFO Memo
- Key Takeaways
8. The Next 18 Months
- More Autonomous Audits
- Evidence Collection Will Change First
- From Periodic Testing to Broader Monitoring
- Auditing Agents vs. Auditing Humans
- From Discrete Cycles to Continuous Loops
- The Enterprise Trust Layer
- What Stays Stubbornly Manual
- What Changes for the Team
- Key Takeaways
